Cost-volume-profit Analysis Discussion Paper.
Cost-volume-profit Analysis Discussion Paper.
Cost-volume-profit analysis, or CVP, is something companies use to figure out how changes in costs and volume affect their operating expenses and net income. In other words, CVP is a methodical analysis of the dynamic inter-relationship between selling prices, sales and production volume, cost expenses, and profits. Cost-volume-profit Analysis Discussion Paper.
Respond to the following in a minimum of 175 words:
- Explain each of the three elements of CVP analysis.
- Discuss how managers use CVP analysis.
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Uses of CVP analysis
Many companies and accounting professionals use cost-volume-profit analysis to make informed decisions about the products or services they sell. In this regard, CVP analysis plays a larger role in managerial accounting than in financing accounting. Managerial accounting focuses on helping managers — or those tasked with running businesses — make smart, cost-effective moves. Financial accounting, by contrast, focuses more on painting an economic picture of a company so that outside parties, such as banks or investors, can determine how financially healthy it is.
Elements of CVP analysis
The three elements involved in CVP analysis are:
- Cost, which means the expenses involved in producing or selling a product or service.
- Volume, which means the number of units produced in the case of a physical product, or the amount of service sold.Cost-volume-profit Analysis Discussion Paper.
- Profit, which means the difference between the selling price of a product or service minus the cost to produce or provide it.
Assumptions when using CVP analysis
When managers use CVP analysis to make business decisions, the following assumptions are made:
- All costs, including manufacturing, administrative, and overhead costs, can be accurately identified as either fixed or variable.
- The selling price per unit is constant.
- Changes in activity are the only factors that affect costs.
- All units produced are sold.
Contribution margin
CVP analysis can help companies determine their contribution margin, which is the amount remaining from sales revenue after all variable expenses have been deducted. The amount that remains is first used to cover fixed costs, and whatever remains afterward is considered profit.
If a company has $500,000 in sales revenue with variable costs totaling $300,000, then its contribution margin is $200,000. If that company sells 50,000 units in a given year, then the sales price per unit is $10 and the total variable cost per unit is $6, leaving a contribution margin of $4 per unit. The contribution margin can help companies determine whether they need to reduce their variable costs for a given product or increase the price per unit to be more profitable.Cost-volume-profit Analysis Discussion Paper.
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